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Extract from the book: THE STATE OF AFRICA BY MARTIN MEREDITH
CHAPTER 8 PAGE 158
EVENTS LEADING TO THE RWANDAN & BURUNDIAN GENOCIDE
“Under colonial rule, first by the Germans then by the Belgians, more rigid definitions were imposed. Germans officials in the early 1900s identified Hutu and Tutsi as distinct and separate ethnic groups. With few staff of their own on the ground, they relied on the Tutsi as the ruling aristocracy to enforce control, enabling them to extend their hegemony over the Hutu.
The Belgians went further. In the 1920s they introduced a system of identity cards specifying the tribe to which a holder belonged. In case where appearance was indecisive or proof of ancestory was lacking, a simple formula was applied:those with ten cows or more were classified as Tutsi, those with ten cows or more were classified as Tutsi, those with fewer were Hutu. The identity cards made it virtually impossible for Hutu to become Tutsi.
Belgian officials established a Tutsi bureaucracy and favoured Tutsi education. The catholic church was especially influential in promoting Tutsi cause. Its bishop, Monsigbor Leon Classe who had arrived in Rwanda as a simple priest in 1907, was regarded as a leading expert and consulted regularly by the Belgian authorities. What Classe enviseged, as he made it clear,was medieval-style Rwanda, with a ruling Tutsi aristocracy and a Hutu peasantry, working hand -in-hand with the colonial administration and with the catholic church guiding the enterprise. When the catholic church was given responsibility for the entire educational system in the early 1930s, government and church were in full agreement on what was required.
The first violence erupted in November 1959, after a Hutu sub-chief, a prominent political activist, was beaten up by the band of Tutsi militants in what become known the’wind of destruction’ roving bands of Hutu went on a rampage, attacking Tutsi authourites, burning Tutsi homes and looting Tutsi property. The terminology used by Hutu extremists for killing was ‘work’.”
The extract clearly indicates that the colonialists are not entirely clean on the question of the genocide as they would like us to believe. The short-sighted politicians also fueled the tensions between the Tutsi and Hutu. In each an every colony the colonialists used the same strategy of divide and rule – tribalism